下面是小编为大家整理的欧盟&中国：战略展望【精选推荐】,供大家参考。
I.
Introdu ction The European Union (E U)
and China are linked by an enduring relationship. They are tw o of the three large st
economie s
and trade rs
in the
wor ld. China
is
now
the EU"s
se cond- bigge st
trading
partner
behind
the
United
S tate s
and
the
EU
is
China" s
bigge st
trading partner 1 . Both sides
are committed to a comprehensive stra tegic partnership, a s
expre ssed in the EU-Chin a 2020 Strategic A ge nd a for Coop erat ion 2 .
Ye t
there
is
a
gr owin g
app reciation
in
E u r op e
that
the
balance
of
ch alle n ge s
and opp or tunities
p re sented
b y
Chin a
has
shifted .
In
the
last
decade,
China" s
economic power and political influence have gro wn
with unprecedented sc ale and speed, reflecting it s
ambiti ons
to become a leading global power.
China
can
no
longer
be
regarded
a s
a
developing
country.
It
is
a
key
global
actor
and leading
technological
po wer.
Its
increa sin g
pre se nce
in
the
world,
including
in
Europe, should
be
accompanied
by
greater
responsi bilit ies
for
upholding
the
rule s-bas ed international order, a s
w ell a s
greater reciprocity, non-discrimination, and openne ss
of it s system. China’s publicly stated reform ambiti ons
should translate into policie s
or acti ons commensurate w ith i ts
role and re sponsi bility.
T h e 2016 Strategy on
Chin a 3
rem ains
the
cor n er stone
of E U
e n gageme nt , providing the basis
for delivering a further E U
policy shift towa rds
a more reali sti c, a sser tive, and multi-faceted approach 4 . This will
ensure that relati ons
with thi s
stra tegic partner are se t on a fair, balanced and mutually beneficial cou rse .
China is,
sim ultaneously, in different policy area s,
a cooperation partner with whom the EU
ha s
closely aligned objective s,
a negotiating partner with whom the EU
nee ds
to find a balance
of
intere sts ,
an
economic
competitor
in
the
pursuit
of
technological
leadership, and a s ystemic rival promoting alternative model s
of governance. This require s
a flexible and
pragmatic
whole-of- EU
approach
enabling
a
principled
defence
of
intere sts
and values.
The
tool s
and
modalit ies
of
EU
engagement
with
China
should
a lso
be differentiated depending on the iss ue s
and polic ies
at stake. The EU
should use
linkage s ac ross
different policy area s
and se c tors
in order to exert more leverage in pursuit of it s objective s.
The EU’s response should be based on three objectives: Ba se d
on
clearly
defined
intere sts
and
principles,
the
EU
should
deepen
it s engagement with China to promote common intere sts
at global level. The EU
should robustly se ek more balanced and reciprocal conditions governing the economic relationship.
1
In
2017,
the
EU
was
China’s
largest
partner
with
a
share
of
13%
of
imports
of
goods
in
China
(EUR
217 billion)
and
a
share
of
16%
of
exports
of
goods
from
China
(EUR
332
billion).
In
the
same
year,
China
had
a share
of
11
%
in
extra-EU
exports
of
goods
(EUR
198
billion)
and
in
extra-EU
imports
of
goods
China
was the
largest
partner
with
a
share
of
20
%
(EUR
375
billion).
2
EU-China
2020
Strategic
Agenda
for
Cooperation,
2013.
3
Joint
Communication
to
the
European
Parliament
and
the
Council
–
Elements
for
a
new
EU
strategy
on China’,
JOIN(2016)
30,
22.06.2016,
and
Council
Conclusions
on
EU
Strategy
on
China
of
18
July
2016.
4
The
EU
continues
to
adhere
to
its
"One
China
Policy".
The
EU
confirms
its
commitment
to
continuing
to develop
its
relations
with
Taiwan
and
to
supporting
the
shared
values
underpinning
its
system
of governance,
as
set
out
in
the
2016
EU
Strategy
on
China.
F inally, in order to maintain it s
prosperity, value s
and social model over the long term,
there
are
area s
w here
the
EU
it self
needs
to
adapt
to
changing
economic realitie s
and stre ngthen it s
own dome sti c polic ies
and industrial ba se .
F inding
the
right
balance
of
policy
approache s
is
a
political
judgement,
requiring
the attention of the European Council.
Ne ither the EU
nor any of it s
Member S tate s
can effectively achieve their ai ms
with China without
f u ll
unity.
In
cooperating
with
China,
all
Memb er
States,
ind ivi du ally
and within
sub-regional
cooperation
framew or ks ,
such
a s
the
16+1
format 5 ,
have
a re sponsi bility to ensure consistency with EU
la w,
rule s
and polic ies.
This
J oint
Communication
a ssesses
the
multiple
dimension s
of
our
relations,
it s opportunitie s
and
it s
challenge s
and
sets
out
10
con crete
ac tions
for
discussi on
and endorsement by the European Council.
II.
Cooperatin g with
Chin a to supp ort effective multilaterali sm
and
f ight
climate c han ge The EU
is
committed to engaging with China to uph ol d
the
r ules-based
internation al or d er.
China
ha s
expre ssed
it s
commitment
to
a
fair
and
equitable
global
governance model. At
the sa me time, China" s
engagement in favour of multilaterali sm
is
sometimes se lective
and
ba se d
on
a
different
unde rsta nding
of
the
rule s-base d
international
order. While China ha s
often repeated it s
legitimate reque st
for reforming global governance to give greater participation and dec isi on-making p ower
to emerging economie s,
it ha s
not a lwa y s
been
will ing
to
accept
ne w
rule s
reflecting
the
re sponsi bility and
accountability that
come
with
it s
increa se d
role.
S electively
upholding
some
norms
at
the
expe nse
of other s
we ake ns
the sust ainability of the rule s-base d international order.
The EU
is
committed to supporting effective m u ltilaterali sm with the Un ited Na ti ons
at it s
core. As
a permanent member of the United N ati ons
S ecurity Council and a beneficiary of the multilateral s y ste m, China ha s
the respon sibi lity to support all three pillar s
of the United N ations, namely Human Rig hts,
P eace and S ecurity, and De velopment. The ability of EU
and China to e n gage effectively on
human
r ights
will
be an important mea sure
of the quality of the bilateral relationship. The EU
acknowledge s
China" s
progre ss in economic and so cial rig hts.
How ever, in other re spe c ts,
the human rights sit uation in China
is
deteriorating,
notably
in
Xinjiang
and
regarding
civil
and
political
rig hts,
a s witnesse d
by
the
continuing
crackdo wn
on
human
rig hts
la w ye rs
and
defende rs.
The human
rig hts
of
EU
and
other
foreign
citize ns
in
China
must
be
protected.
The
high degree of autonomy e nsh rined in the Hong Kong Ba sic
La w
nee ds
to be respected. T h e
E U"s
and
Chin a" s
sh are d
commitme nts
and
interest
in
glo b al
sustainab le d eve lopment
and
the
2030
Agend a
pre se nt
opportunitie s
for
closer
cooperation, including in third countrie s.
There is
a real need to partner up and deliver the sig nificant resource s
needed
to
achieve
the
Sustainable
Development
Goals.
Given
China’s significant investment in partner countries,
it should increa se
it s
engagement a s
an Official De velopment
Assis tance
donor
and
a
partner
in
multilateral
fora.
In
thi s
respect,
w e should establi sh
a dialogue, se ek s ynerg ies
and engage further to maintain momentum on the implementation of the Sus tainable D evelopment Goals
in third countrie s.
5
Also
called
“Cooperation
between
China
and
Central
and
Eastern
European
Countries”.
With EU
Member S tate s
collectively being the large st
contributor to the United Na ti ons peacekeeping
budget 6 ,
and
China
the
next
large st
after
the
US,
opportunitie s
should
be identified to s hare operational experience in t his
area.
On
climate c han ge, China is at the same time the world’s largest carbon emitter and the large st
investor in rene w able energy. The EU
we lcome s
the role of China a s
one of the main broke rs
of the P ari s
Agr eement. At
the sa me time, China is
constructing coal-fired power
stati ons
in
many
countrie s;
thi s
undermine s
the
global
goa ls
of
the
P a ris Agr eement. China is
a strategic partner on climate change and the clean energy transit ion, with whom we
need to continue developing a str ong relationship, given the sheer siz e of it s
emi ssions
(around 27 % of the global amount), which continue to rise . Our
partnership is
e ssential
for
the
su cce ss
of
global
climate
action,
clean
energy
tra nsi tion
effor ts
and ocean governance. A
commitment by China to peak it s
emi ssions
before 2030 would give ne w
impe tus
to
fighting
climate
change
in
line
with
the
P a ris
Agreement
and
inspire action
globally.
In
addition,
the
EU
and
China
should
stre ngthen
their
cooperation
on sust ainable
finance,
to
channel
private
capital
flow s
towa rds
a
more
sust ainable
and climate-neutral economy.
III.
Commitment to intern ational p eace, secu rity, a nd
sustainab le ec onomic d eve lopment
China is
a stra tegic partner of the EU
in addre ssi ng global and international challenge s.
At the
sa me
time,
se curity
conce rns
and
difference s
ex ist
a s
rega rds
the
application
of international la w,
the re s pect of good governance and sust ainable economic development.
China
ha s
the
capacity
and
the
re sponsi bility
to
play
an
important
role
in
add re ssin g regional
se c u rity
c h alle n ge s .
For
example,
China"s
participation
in
and
support
for the J oint
Comprehensive
P lan
of
Ac tion
for
Iran
was
a
major
factor
in
fir st
se curing
the agreement
and
now
in
ensuring
it s
full
and
effective
implementation 7 .
...
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